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Why chrysophytes float passively in water currents?

Why chrysophytes float passively in water currents? Reference -Ncert                     -class -11                    - page no -20 It is given in ncert about chrysophytes that they are microscopic and "float passively" in water currents.To know about reason of it first of all we have to know that what is mean to float passively.  Float means they lies on the water surface without sinking. Because they doesn't sink so it means they must have low weight. Their low weight is due to fat content in these organisms. Due to fat they have low weight hence doesn't sink and float on water surface.  Passively in simple words means in control of others they float on surface due to water currents. They will move where water currents take them. It is so because they don't have any locomotive structures hence they can't move on water surface by their own. They just taken b...
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Why scientific names are written in italics?

Why scientific names are written in italics?  Reference -Ncert                    -class -11                    Page no -7 It is written in NCERT that biological names are written in italics. But what is the reason behind it ? Reason is given in the ncert itself in point no. 3 that "both the words................. printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin". So it is clear that biological names are written in italics to show that they are in Latin. Now why to show Latin origin italics is used.  Is Latin written in italics?  Answer is no. It is not due to Latin. It is due English.Because it is rule in English that the words that are borrowed from other languages(English has many words that are borrowed from other languages like German, French, Latin etc) are written in italics to show that they are not the words from English language. 
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why we have to uproot the plant just before flowering to see the nodules ?

why we have to uproot the plant just before flowering to see the nodules ?  Reference -ncert                     -class 11                    -page no -202 In ncert there is given a way to see nodules of any pulse. Here it is mentioned that to see the nodules in root we have to uproot the plant just before flowering. Now why this is so? It is so because at that time nodules are big in size,more developed and at their peak stage so it is easy to observe. We know that nodules have fixed nitrogen . In growth of plant nitrogen is needed.By the time nodules size increases but after flowering when there is seed formation there needs lot of nitrogen for developing seeds. So more nitrogen is used hence there is decrease in nodule size during seed formation or during flowering. So nodules are at peak stage and have maximum size just before flowering. 
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What is 4 digit number in nomenclature of enzymes?

What is 4 digit number in nomenclature of enzymes?       Reference - ncert                           Class 11                          Page no 158 In ncert it is given that enzymes are named according to a 4 digit no. Now what is this four digit no and how it is assigned.  Actually each enzymes have it's unique 4 digit no.By these numbers one by one we can conclude that this enzymes belong to which class, which subclass etc.  For example for enzyme hexokinase 4 digit no is 2.7.1.1 Here 1st no indicates class ,2nd no to subclass,3rd no to sub-subclass,4th no to individual enzymes.  At ncert level only classes are mentioned. Nothing is given about subclass etc. Classes - There are six classes of enzymes hence first no is from 1-6. In ncert these classes are given sequence wise.(this is literature of ncer...
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When will the living state goes to equilibrium

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When will the living state goes to equilibrium?  Reference : ncert biology                       Class 11                       Page no -153 A Living state goes to equilibrium at the time of death. Because it is given that a system at equilibrium can not perform work. But our body is continuously doing any kind of work. So an organism when it is in living condition is at non equilibrium state. This non equilibrium state is a steady state. Page no 153 In other simple words we can say that a living state is a system which is at non equilibrium state. It continuously want to achieve equlibrium state but because we continuously perform work by energy input so it is prevented to reach at equlibrium.
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